Clay: Various types of clay are used in the production of porcelain tiles, including ball clay, kaolin, and other ceramic clays. It provides plasticity to the mixture and contributes to the overall structure of the tile.

Feldspar: Feldspar is a common mineral used in porcelain formulations. It acts as a flux, helping to reduce the firing temperature and promoting the process. Feldspar also contributes to the hardness and durability of the tiles.

Silica: Silica, usually in the form of quartz, is a key component that provides strength and hardness to porcelain tiles. It also contributes to the vitrification process during firing.

Fluxing Agents: Apart from feldspar, other fluxing agents like nepheline syenite or talc may be used to help lower the melting point of the raw materials and improve the vitrification of the tiles.

Colouring Agents: Various pigments and colorants are added to the raw materials to achieve the desired colour and pattern in the porcelain tiles.

Binders: Binders, such as organic materials or additives, are used to enhance the plasticity of the clay and improve the overall workability of the raw material mixture.

Additives: Different additives may be included to improve specific properties of the tiles, such as anti-slip agents, anti-bacterial agents, or other performance-enhancing chemicals.

Water: Water is used as a medium to mix the raw materials and form a slurry that can be shaped into tiles. It also aids in the plasticity of the clay.

The exact composition and proportions of these raw materials vary based on the desired characteristics of the final porcelain tiles and the specific manufacturing processes employed by the manufacturer.